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Plankton are microscopic organisms that float freely with oceanic currents and in other bodies of water. Plankton is made up of tiny plants (called phytoplankton) and tiny animals (called zooplankton). The word plankton comes from the Greek word "planktos" which means "drifting."
Phytoplankton are primary producers. As the base of the oceanic food web, phytoplankton use chlorophyll to convert energy, inorganic chemicals, and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into carbohydrates.
Zooplankton are microscopic animals that eat other plankton. Some zooplankton are larval or very immature stages of larger animals, including mollusks like snails and squid, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, fish, jellyfish, sea cucumbers, and seastars. These are called meroplankton. Some zooplankton are single-celled animals, like foraminifera and radiolarians. Other zooplankton are tiny crustaceans, like Daphnia. If we include krill and copepods, which can swim, this group constitutes about 70 percent of all plankton.
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Phytoplankton are primary producers. As the base of the oceanic food web, phytoplankton use chlorophyll to convert energy, inorganic chemicals, and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into carbohydrates.
Zooplankton are microscopic animals that eat other plankton. Some zooplankton are larval or very immature stages of larger animals, including mollusks like snails and squid, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, fish, jellyfish, sea cucumbers, and seastars. These are called meroplankton. Some zooplankton are single-celled animals, like foraminifera and radiolarians. Other zooplankton are tiny crustaceans, like Daphnia. If we include krill and copepods, which can swim, this group constitutes about 70 percent of all plankton.
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